Why internet is called a universal method of communications?

 Internet is called a universal method of communications : The invention of internet has given communication a new dimension. Now a-days by dint of internet technology, the business people can make business deals with their counterparts within a moment.

The advantages internet is discussed from various aspects :

1. Quickest means of communication

2. A vast store house of data

3. More accurate and precise

4. Overcoming distance and barriers

5. Powerful means of communication

6. Wide access

7. Easy access to journals and magazines

8. Internal and external communication

9. Communication with all

10. Universal method of communication.

Definition of E-Communication

E-Communication : The term e-communication means electronic communication. When communication takes place with the help of electronic devices like compute and others means, it is called e-communication. It is mainly based on computer.

According to Bovee and Others "Electronic communication is the transmission of information using advances techniques such as computer modem, facsimile machines, voice mail, video cassettes and private television networks".

Definition of Informal Communication or Grapevine

 Informal Communication or Grapevine  : When communication is done without maintaining the formalities prescribed by the organization, it is called information communication. It is known as grapevine that takes place when the people of an organization discuss informally.

According to Bovee and Others "Grapevine is an informal interpersonal channel of information nor officially sanctioned by the organization". 

According to R.W.Griffin "The grapevine is an informal communication network that can permeate an organization".

What are the Functions of Internal Communication

The Functions of Internal Communication : Communication taking place within the organizational area is called internal communication. The flow of internal communication may be through formal channel within the organization or through informal channels among the employees.

The functions of internal communication are discussed below :

1. Exchange of Information.

2. Motivating

3. Initiating inspiration

4. Helping in decision making

5. Helping in planning

6. Managing co-ordination and co-operation

7. Performance evaluation

8. Controlling

9. Elimination of rumors

10. Increasing employee morale.

Definition of Internal Communication

Internal Communication : Communication taking place within the organizational area is called internal communication. The flow of internal communication may be through formal channel within the organization or through informal channels among the employees.

According to Bovee and Others "Internal communication refers to the exchange of information and ideas within an organization".

Write down the Ways to improve the effectiveness of Non-Verbal Communication

Write down the Ways to improve the effectiveness of  Non-Verbal Communication : Communication without using words is known as non-verbal communication. It does not use any written or spoken words but uses symbols, body language, color, etc.

The following guidelines may be helpful in using non-verbal communication effectively :

1. Realizing the environment

2. Observing the communicators

3. Deciding on its use as alone or as the supplement of verbal communication.

4. Considering the culture setting of the communicators.

5. Observing body language.

6. Listening for vocal cues.

7. Observing touching.

8. Being conscious about using color.

Essential elements of a valid meeting

Essential elements of a valid meeting  : Meting is one of the major media of oral communication. In general sense, a meeting is a gathering of two or more persons with a view to taking decisions through discussion.

The essential elements of a valid meeting are given below :

1. The meeting must be called by the legal authority of the enterprise.

2. The notice of the meeting must be issued properly to all concerned parties.

3. The notice of meeting must include the date, time, venue, and agenda of the meeting.

4. The purpose of the meeting must be legal.

5. Only authorized must be present in the meeting.

6. A meeting must have a chairman selected the members as per the rules of company Act 1994.

7. A meeting must be confined within mentioned agenda.

8. A meeting must be arranged following the above mentioned points.

Definition of Non-Verbal Communication

Non-Verbal Communication : Communication without using words is known as non-verbal communication. It does not use any written or spoken words but uses symbols, body language, color, etc.

According to R.V.Lesikar and J.D.Pettit "Non-Verbal communication means all communication that occurs without words (body language, space, time, touch, voice patterns, color and design of surroundings)".

From the above discussion we can say that; Non-Verbal communication is the process of communicating without words. It is mainly non words based communication system.

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Meeting

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Meeting :  Meeting is one of the major media of oral communication. In general sense,a  meeting is gathering of two or more persons with a view to taking decisions through discussion.

A). Advantages of Meeting :

1. Making improved and quality decision

2. Conveying organizational vision, mission and plans

3. Announcing any changes

4. Negotiation

5. Resolving conflict

6. Interaction with external stackeholders

7. Encouraging participative management

B). Disadvantages of Meeting : 

1. Lengthy process

2. Time consuming

3. Costly

4. Formalities

5. Difficult to control

Definition of Meeting

Meeting : Meeting is one of the major media of oral communication. In general sense,a  meeting is gathering of two or more persons with a view to taking decisions through discussion.

According to Oxford Dictionary "A meeting is an association when people come together to discuss or decide something".

According to Murphy "A meeting is a gathering of two or more people where purposive discourse occurs".

From the above discussion we can say that, a meeting is a gathering where two or more people assemble together with a view to taking some decisions on some specific subject matters after discussions.

What are the Advantages an Disadvantages of Interview

The Advantages an Disadvantages of Interview :  An interview is a face to face conversation. It is a test of both the communications and parties engaged in the interviews. The Advantages and Disadvantages of interview are given below :

A). Advantages of Interview :

1. Quick report.

2. Selection of suitable candidate

3. Increasing goodwill of the company

4. Proper understanding

5. Employe counselling

6. Time saving

7. Easy correction of information

8. Personal interaction

9. Monitoring performance

10. Motivation employees

B). Disadvantages of Interview :

1. Time constrain

2. Possibility of personal influence

3. Evaluation of subjective aspects

4. Hidden agenda

5. Much agenda

6. Absence of written form

Definition of Interview

Interview : An interview is a face to face conversation. It is a test of both the communications and parties engaged in the interviews.

According to Gibson and Hanna "An interview is a face to face interpersonal event in which at least one person has planned to achieve a specific goal".

from the above discussion we can say that, interview is a face to face meeting between the interview and the interviews where the interviewer asks some questions to the interviews to test his intelligence, knowledge and personality.

Guidelines for Effective Speech

Guidelines for Effective Speech : Speech is an important media of oral communication. A speech is a public speaking delivered by a speaker on some occasions. The speaker should remember the following guidelines to make speech successful.

• Taking proper preparation
  
• Drafting the speech perfectly.
  
• Clear pronunciation
  
• Brevity and precision
  
• Logical sequence
  
• Natural voice
  
• Using simple and suitable words
  
• Using body language
  
• Control of emotion
  
• Speaking slowly.

Definition of Speech

Speech : Speech is an important media of oral communication. A speech is a public speaking delivered by a speaker on some occasions.

According to Oxford Dictionary "A speech is a formal talk that a person gives to an audience".

From the above definition we can say that, speech is a formal talking or speaking delivered by a person in front of a gathering. It is a public speaking.

What are the Major Media of Oral Communication

The Major Media of Oral Communication : When message is exchanged between the parties orally, it is called oral communication. It is also word based communication but not in written form. There are two types of media of oral communication :

1. Mechanical media of oral communication :

a. Telephone

b. Radio

c. Television

d. Microphone

2. non-mechanical media of oral communication :

a. Face to face conversation

b. Interview

c. Meeting

d. Conference

e. Lecture

f. Group discussion

g. Grapevine

Definition of Oral Communication

Definition of Oral Communication

Oral Communication : Oral communication i the process of exchanging message between or among parties orally. here the sender and receiver exchange message directly. Most of the time, we use oral communication.

According to Griffin "Oral communication takes place in face-to-face conversation, group discussion, telephone calls and others circumstances in which spoken work is used to express meaning".

From the above discussion we can say that; oral communication takes place in oral form and sender and receiver communicate with each other directly.

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Report

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Report :

A). Advantages of Report :

1. In-depth information

2. Accurate and precise

3. Permanent record

4. Legal document

5. Future reference

6. No possibility of distortion of message

7. Recommendations

8. Fact finding tools

9. Keeping secrecy

10. Open to all

B). Disadvantages of Report :

1. Time consuming

2. Costly

3. Limited use

4. Require special expertise

5. Complex to use

6. Delayed feedback

7. lack of flexibility

8. Problem of gathering information

Definition of Report

Report : A report is a description of an event carried back to someone who was not present on the scene. report can be written or oral, but in most of the cases it is written.

According to Betty and Kay "A report is a written or oral message presenting information that will help a decision maker to solve a business problem".

So, we can say that; it is a written or oral message of facts relating to a particular event.

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Memorandum

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Memorandum :

A. Advantages of Memo :

1. Brief and simple

2. Convenient for use

3. Inexpensive media

4. Further reference

5. No distortion of message

6. Preservation of information

7. Open to all

8. Effective communication

B. Disadvantages of Memo :

1. Limited scope

2. Leakage of information

3. Lack of flexibility

4. Ineffective of illiterate people

5. Inappropriate for complex information

6. Limited external use.

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Definition of Memo

Memo : Memo is the short form of memorandum. A memo is a short piece of writing generally used for internal communication.

According to RC Sharma and Krishna Mohan "A memo is a short piece of writing generally used by the officers of an organization for communication among themselves".

From the above discussion we can say that; memo is a short piece of writing used between executives and subordinates of the same level of an organization.

Objectives and Functions of Business Letter

Objectives and Functions of Business Letter : Letter containing business related information is called business letter. The functions of business letters are multidimensional. The importance of business letter is presented below through it various function : 

1. To exchange business information

2. Building and maintain business relation

3. Records and references

4. Making a lasting impression

5. An authoritative proof

6. Building goodwill

7. Others.

Definition of Business letter

Business letter : Letter containing business  related information is called business letter. A few definitions of business letter are given below : 

According to J.H.Hanson "The letter which are exchanged among business in connection with business affairs are called business letter".

According Professor Taintor "All letters written for business purpose are business letters"

From the above definition  we can say that; business letter contains business related information that is exchanged with others.

Definition of letter

Letter : A letter is a written message send by one person to another. So, when we transfer any written message through mail, it is called letter.

According to Oxford Dictionary "A letter is a message that is written down or printed  on paper and usually put in an envelope and send to somebody".

So, we can say that; letter is a printed or hand written message that is sent from one person to another through mail or other way.

Perquisites for Successful Mass Communication

Perquisites for Successful Mass Communication : Mass Communication is the process of sending message to a large number of people at a time by using some media. The essential elements or prerequisites of successful mass communication are given below :

1. Proper planning

2. Identify the objective 

3. Identify the audience

4. Selecting of appropriate media

5. Selecting appropriate message

6. Completeness of message Using simple and easy language 

7. Consistency

8. Getting the feedback

Importance of Mass Communication

Importance of Mass Communication : Mass communication is the process of sending message to a large number of people at a time by using some media. The importance of mass communication in modern business is inevitable. The roleof mass communication in business is discussed Below : 

1. Introduction of business

2. Promotion of product

3. Equilibrium in demand and supply

4. Facing competition

5. Expansion of business

6. Market survey

7. Public relation

8. Arranging meeting

Definition of Mass communication

Mass Communication : Normally, transmission of message to many persons at a time is called mass communication. But complete sense, mass communication can be defined as the process through which a message is circulated extensively among the people who are far away from the sender.

According to Ault and Emery "mass communication is a process of sending of message, thought and attitude through some media to a large number of heterogeneous audiences".

From the above definition we can say that, mass communication is the process of sending message to a large number of people at a time by using some media. 

Essential Element of Upward Communication/ Or how to make upward communication effective?

Essential Element of Upward Communication/ Or to make upward communication effective :

When information moves upward from downward, then it is called upward communication. The way of making upward communication more effective are discussed below :

1. Changing autocratic attitude.

2. Introducing perfect participative management system.

3. Changing perception of both parties.

4. Confidence on subordinates

5. Reward for suggestion

6. Open door policy

7. Democratic environment

8. Shortening the communication lines.

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Upward Communication

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Upward Communication :

A) Advantages of Upward Communication :

1. Providing feedback

2. Effective decision making

3. Constructive suggestions

4. Motivating

5. Sharing emotion

B) Disadvantages of upward communication : 

1. Lack of initiative 

2. Fear of adverse effect

3. Risk distortion

4. By-passing

5. Flattery

Definition of Upward Communication

Upward Communication : When message goes from subordinates to superiors, then it is called upward communicate. The purpose of upward communication is usually to give information and reports to managers or superiors.

According to L.C.Bovee and Others  "Upward communication means the floe of information from the subordinates to the superior managers". The flow of upward communication is given below :

                                       Manager

                                                             

                                       Supervisor

                                        Worker

So, when information moves upward from downward, then it is called upward communication.

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How to make Downward Communication Effective

Downward Communication Effective :  Downward communication can be hampered by several factors but it can be made effective if some guidelines are followed. The guidelines are given below :

1. Introducing participative management system

2. Good labor management relation

3. Avoiding autocratic relation

4. Encouraging employee for participation.

5. Sending complete and clear message

6. Avoiding suspecting and neglecting attribute of management.

The above mentioned guidelines must be followed in order to make downward communication effective.

Definition of Downward Communication

Downward Communication : When communication flows from superior to subordinate, it called downward communication. The common purpose of downward communication is to give instruction and information to the subordinates.

According to Newstrom and K.Davis "Downward communication is an organization is the flo of information from higher to lower levels of authority". The flow of downward communication can be shown as below :

                                                           Manager

                                                             

                                                          Supervisor

                                                          Worker

Definition of Oral Communication

Oral Communication : Oral communication i the process of exchanging message between or among parties orally. here the sender and receiver exchange message directly. Most of the time, we use oral communication.

According to Griffin "Oral communication takes place in face-to-face conversation, group discussion, telephone calls and others circumstances in which spoken work is used to express meaning".

From the above discussion we can say that; oral communication takes place in oral form and sender and receiver communicate with each other directly.

Definition of Written Communication

Written Communication : When a message is exchanged in a written form, it is called written communication.

According to Bovee and Others "Written communication is the expression of ideas through word that are meant to be read".

From the above discussion we can say that, written communication takes different forms like letters, memos, notices etc. Normally, important, complex and secret messages are communicated in writing modes.

The modern model of communication

The modern model of communication : Over the period of time communication process has been developed a lot. The modern communication model has evolved from Shanon and Weaver's information theory model.

This model is given below :

The modern communication model includes nine elements of communication process.

The figure shows the sender and receiver are the major parties in  the communication process. Besides these, message, media, encoding, decoding response and feedback are the major functions; and noise is the last creates interruption at any stage of communication process. 

Shanon and Weaver information model

Shanon and Weaver information model : 

This model shows that the communication process begins from the brain of the sender and sends it to receiver. Then the message goes to the receiver through certain media and his brain receives it. After receiving the message, the receiver sends reaction to the sender. This model also includes a transmitter that converts the message into real meaning. the whole process is interrupted by noise. The model is shown below :

The model is one of the most comprehensive models of communication as it includes feedback and it is very close to the modern model of communication.